Storage of wine effluent
Winegrowing effluent, which comes from washing winemaking equipment and facilities, contains organic and inorganic residues. Its volume varies according to the size of the farm and the season, requiring flexible storage capacities. Types of storage include retention basins, storage tanks and lagoon systems, each with its own specific features for managing effluent. Regulations impose strict standards to avoid environmental contamination and safety measures include monitoring, maintenance and emergency procedures in the event of a spill.
Characteristics of wine-making effluent
Wine-making effluent is mainly made up of water used to wash winemaking equipment, fermentation containers and the floors of the facilities. It contains various organic and inorganic components, including grape residues, yeasts, tannins, sugars and alcohols. This effluent is often rich in organic matter and can have a high pollution load.The volumes of wine effluent produced vary according to the size of the winery and the time of year, with peaks during the harvest and winemaking seasons. This variability requires flexible storage capacity that is sufficient to manage seasonal fluctuations.
Types of storage
Two types of storage can be used:
Closed storage
Open storageOpen storage
This is the most economical storage method. There is a risk of odour nuisance if the effluent is not aerated, and of noise nuisance if the tank is fitted with surface aerators. Rainwater input can be significant depending on the region in which the tank is located. Because of the space required and the aesthetic appeal, this type of pool should not be installed in urban areas. Safety measures must be taken to prevent people or animals falling into the pond (installation of a fence).
Open pond - section 
Open pond storage
Open storage ponds can be sealed with a geomembrane.
There are two main types of geomembrane:
- elastomers (butyls, EPDM)
- plastomers (HDPE, PE and PVC)
Closed storage
This type of storage is more expensive. On the other hand, there are fewer odour and noise nuisances. This type of storage is easier to integrate into the landscape (underground tanks). During cleaning operations, strict safety rules must be observed to avoid any risk of asphyxiation or explosion.A number of materials can be used for closed storage:
- concrete
- steel
- polyester
- pVC-coated polyester fabric
Closed storage in SNCF tank wagons
Closed storage in flexible tanks
Regulations and safety
The management of wine effluents is governed by strict environmental regulations. In France, for example, the law requires winegrowers to set up effluent collection and treatment systems that comply with current standards. Storage facilities must be watertight and designed to avoid any risk of soil or groundwater contamination.Safety measures include regular monitoring of effluent levels, maintenance of storage facilities and the installation of devices to prevent overflows and leaks. In the event of an accidental spill, emergency procedures must be in place to limit the environmental impact.